More than twenty -five years of the May Revolution, an “enlightened” man and who had been part of the struggle for independence, the presbyter Juan Ignacio Gorritiwrote:
“Women’s mission is to give birth to many children, to weave, prepare food and knead the bread, destined for the family. (…) How happy would be the state in which the beautiful sex prefer the solid virtues of the midwife to the fleeting of youth, which are often so far to the same people endowed with them! ” (1)
It is curious that this man, who had belonged to the revolutionary party since his origins, around his years Made this vision of societyand precisely in an essay dedicated to “the moral causes of the convulsions of the new American states.”
So curious, perhaps, as its author was uncle of Juana Manuela Gorriti, a woman who was within her reach He moved away from that “midwife” modelfor those same times when the presbyter wrote.
All The post -revolutionary period was marked by these and other contradictionsamong the survival of the ancient colonial society, the changes brought by the revolution and independence, and the almost uninterrupted civil wars of the nascent Latin American states.
The contradictory inheritance of the revolutionary cycle was also expressed in the situation of women.
Legally, his condition had not changed with respect to the last years of the colony; The situation had led to the fact that in practice and out of necessity would exercise greater autonomy and occupied roles that exceeded those of the “midwife” of yesteryear, longed for by the presbyter Gorriti.
No one thought about them, those who stayed. Cams for provincial or faction militias and armies continued to take many men, especially the popular sectors, forcing that Many women continue to be the support of their families.
For the women of the most accommodated classes, the enlistment of their husbands as officers of the faced forces continued to place them in the daily headquarters of their homes.
To this would be added, at the end of the 1820s, expatriation.
Besides, The political embanderament of women became at the same time a reality -As realize the cases of Juana Manuela Gorriti, Mariquita Sánchez and Encarnación Ezcurra, among many others- and in an appeal from the games and factions in struggle.
In the pamphlet literature of the time, the appearance of decided and federal determined became common, in couplets like these:
“With the girls of my payment, without counting the boys, / there are plenty of fifty thousand intertacos./ (…) / Cielito, heaven that yes / Cielito and follow the dances / until seeing the unitaries / at the tip of the spears.”
The patriarchal order of the colony cracksand because of their interstices they began to look out women willing to occupy new spaces in the social and political life of the nascent country.
The cases of two protagonists of the history of antagonistic ideas, Bernardino Rivadavia and Juan Manuel de Rosaswho They linked to women who were far from the established norm.
1. Juan Ignacio de Gorriti, reflections. On the moral causes of the interior seizures of the new American states and examination of the effective means to remedy them, the Argentine culture, Buenos Aires, 1916, p. 218. The first edition of the work was published in Valparaíso in 1836.
2. “Federal Cielito”, cited in Chapter, No. 8, Editor of Latin America, Buenos Aires, 1967.
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